T-90M Proryv

Russia's most modern serial main battle tank — a deeply upgraded T-90 with a new welded turret, Relikt reactive armour and a digital fire-control suite, fielded from 2020 and now the headline measure of Russian armour attrition in Ukraine.

Overview

The T-90M Proryv ("Breakthrough") is the latest serial-production variant of Russia's T-90 main battle tank, built by Uralvagonzavod in Nizhny Tagil. It pairs the proven T-90 hull and three-man autoloader layout with a redesigned turret, the Relikt explosive reactive armour package, a 125 mm gun able to fire guided missiles through the barrel, and a modern day/night fire-control system. Unlike most Russian armour it carries no NATO reporting name — Western references simply use the factory index. The T-90M anchors the upper tier of Russia's active tank fleet and, since 2022, has become both the showcase of Russian armour modernization and the most-counted casualty of it.

Development

Uralvagonzavod developed the T-90M as the production form of the T-90AM "Proryv" modernization, itself an evolution of the Kartsev–Venediktov T-72/T-90 lineage. Serial deliveries to the Russian Army began in 2020, with the first vehicles going to the 1st Guards Tank Army, according to the T-90M technical data sheet at Army Recognition. The baseline T-90A had entered Russian service in 2004; the T-90M is a "new-build and rebuild" standard that brings older hulls and fresh production up to a common modernized configuration. The closely related export model is the T-90MS/T-90SM.

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