China's PL-17 is a very-long-range air-to-air missile designed to threaten tankers, airborne early-warning aircraft and other high-value support assets at distances approaching 400 km.
The R-27 is a Soviet-designed medium-range air-to-air missile family combining semi-active radar, infrared and passive-radar variants for MiG-29 and Su-27-family fighters.
Russia's principal active-radar-homing beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile family, developed as a counterpart to the AIM-120 AMRAAM and carried by Flanker and Felon fighters.
The R-73, known to NATO as the AA-11 Archer, is a Soviet-designed short-range infrared air-to-air missile whose agility and helmet-sight cueing reshaped close-air-combat missile development.
The AIM-9X Sidewinder is a current-generation infrared-guided short-range missile used by combat aircraft and, through NASAMS, as a surface-launched interceptor against airborne threats.
The AIM-424 Malice is a Raytheon-built US Navy very-long-range air-to-air missile intended to engage aircraft beyond 463 km while fitting inside the F-35C's weapons bay.
The AIM-260 Joint Advanced Tactical Missile is a classified US long-range air-to-air weapon designed to replace the AIM-120 AMRAAM while retaining a form factor compatible with internal fighter weapon bays.
Russia's R-37M is a very-long-range air-to-air missile designed to threaten fighters, support aircraft and other airborne targets at distances beyond conventional air-combat weapons.
Europe's air-superiority edge — the only operational ramjet air-to-air missile, whose throttleable engine keeps it accelerating to the target for a "no-escape zone" far larger than the AMRAAM's. Built by six European nations for the Typhoon, Rafale and Gripen — and now reaching Ukraine.