Tehran's answer to losing its fixed SAM sites is a $60 million buy of man-portable launchers, routed through a Hong Kong intermediary and, reportedly, Pakistan.
The shoulder-fired missile that became a star of the Ukraine war — Poland's Piorun is a modernized, sharper-eyed heir to the Soviet Igla that has knocked down Russian jets, helicopters, cruise missiles and drones, and won orders from the US Army. A cheap, mobile answer to the air threat.
The FIM-92 Stinger is a combat-proven shoulder-fired infrared-homing air-defense missile that has evolved from a Cold War MANPADS into a modern counter-drone weapon, now being refurbished, rebuilt and replaced through a multi-track programme to keep it operational into the 2030s.